#pragma once

// set ->key
// map ->key/value

enum Colour
{
	RED,
	BLACK
};

template<class T>
struct RBTreeNode
{
	RBTreeNode<T>* _left;
	RBTreeNode<T>* _right;
	RBTreeNode<T>* _parent;

	T _data;

	Colour _col;

	RBTreeNode(const T& data)
		:_left(nullptr)
		, _right(nullptr)
		, _parent(nullptr)
		, _data(data)
		, _col(RED)
	{}
};

template<class T>
struct __TreeIterator
{
	typedef RBTreeNode<T> Node;
	typedef __TreeIterator<T> Self;
	Node* _node;

	__TreeIterator(Node* node)
		:_node(node)
	{}

	T& operator*()
	{
		return _node->_data;
	}

	T* operator->()
	{
		return &_node->_data;
	}

	Self& operator--();

	Self& operator++()
	{
		if (_node->_right)
		{
			// 下一个就是右子树的最左节点
			Node* cur = _node->_right;
			while (cur->_left)
			{
				cur = cur->_left;
			}

			_node = cur;
		}
		else
		{
			// 左子树 根 右子树
			// 右为空，找孩子是父亲左的那个祖先
			Node* cur = _node;
			Node* parent = cur->_parent;
			while (parent && cur == parent->_right)
			{
				cur = parent;
				parent = parent->_parent;
			}

			_node = parent;
		}

		return *this;
	}

	bool operator!=(const Self& s)
	{
		return _node != s._node;
	}

	bool operator==(const Self& s)
	{
		return _node == s._node;
	}
};

// set->RBTree<K, K, SetKeyOfT> _t;
// map->RBTree<K, pair<K, T>, MapKeyOfT> _t;
template<class K, class T, class KeyOfT>
class RBTree
{
	typedef RBTreeNode<T> Node;
public:
	typedef __TreeIterator<T> iterator;

	iterator begin()
	{
		Node* cur = _root;
		while (cur && cur->_left)
		{
			cur = cur->_left;
		}

		return iterator(cur);
	}

	iterator end()
	{
		return iterator(nullptr);
	}

	pair<iterator, bool> Insert(const T& data)
	{
		if (_root == nullptr)
		{
			_root = new Node(data);
			_root->_col = BLACK;
			return make_pair(iterator(_root), true);
		}

		Node* parent = nullptr;
		Node* cur = _root;
		KeyOfT kot;

		while (cur)
		{
			if (kot(cur->_data) < kot(data))
			{
				parent = cur;
				cur = cur->_right;
			}
			else if (kot(cur->_data) > kot(data))
			{
				parent = cur;
				cur = cur->_left;
			}
			else
			{
				return make_pair(iterator(cur), false);
			}
		}

		// 新增节点给红色
		cur = new Node(data);
		Node* newnode = cur;
		cur->_col = RED;
		if (kot(parent->_data) < kot(data))
		{
			parent->_right = cur;
			cur->_parent = parent;
		}
		else
		{
			parent->_left = cur;
			cur->_parent = parent;
		}

		while (parent && parent->_col == RED)
		{
			Node* grandfather = parent->_parent;
			if (parent == grandfather->_left)
			{
				//     g
				//   p   u
				// c
				Node* uncle = grandfather->_right;
				if (uncle && uncle->_col == RED)
				{
					// 变色
					parent->_col = uncle->_col = BLACK;
					grandfather->_col = RED;

					// 继续往上更新处理
					cur = grandfather;
					parent = cur->_parent;
				}
				else
				{
					if (cur == parent->_left)
					{    
						// 单旋
						//     g
						//   p
						// c
						RotateR(grandfather);
						parent->_col = BLACK;
						grandfather->_col = RED;
					}
					else
					{
						// 双旋
						//     g
						//   p
						//     c
						RotateL(parent);
						RotateR(grandfather);
						cur->_col = BLACK;
						grandfather->_col = RED;
					}

					break;
				}
			}
			else  // parent == grandfather->_right
			{
				//     g
				//   u   p 
				//          c
				//
				Node* uncle = grandfather->_left;
				if (uncle && uncle->_col == RED)
				{
					// 变色
					parent->_col = uncle->_col = BLACK;
					grandfather->_col = RED;

					// 继续往上处理
					cur = grandfather;
					parent = cur->_parent;
				}
				else
				{
					if (cur == parent->_right)
					{
						RotateL(grandfather);
						parent->_col = BLACK;
						grandfather->_col = RED;
					}
					else
					{
						//     g
						//   u   p 
						//     c
						//
						RotateR(parent);
						RotateL(grandfather);
						cur->_col = BLACK;
						grandfather->_col = RED;
					}

					break;
				}
			}
		}

		_root->_col = BLACK;

		return make_pair(iterator(newnode), true);
	}

	void RotateL(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* subR = parent->_right;
		Node* subRL = subR->_left;

		parent->_right = subRL;
		subR->_left = parent;

		Node* parentParent = parent->_parent;

		parent->_parent = subR;
		if (subRL)
			subRL->_parent = parent;

		if (_root == parent)
		{
			_root = subR;
			subR->_parent = nullptr;
		}
		else
		{
			if (parentParent->_left == parent)
			{
				parentParent->_left = subR;
			}
			else
			{
				parentParent->_right = subR;
			}

			subR->_parent = parentParent;
		}
	}

	void RotateR(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* subL = parent->_left;
		Node* subLR = subL->_right;

		parent->_left = subLR;
		if (subLR)
			subLR->_parent = parent;

		Node* parentParent = parent->_parent;

		subL->_right = parent;
		parent->_parent = subL;

		if (_root == parent)
		{
			_root = subL;
			subL->_parent = nullptr;
		}
		else
		{
			if (parentParent->_left == parent)
			{
				parentParent->_left = subL;
			}
			else
			{
				parentParent->_right = subL;
			}

			subL->_parent = parentParent;
		}
	}

	void InOrder()
	{
		_InOrder(_root);
		cout << endl;
	}

	void _InOrder(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == nullptr)
			return;

		_InOrder(root->_left);
		cout << root->_kv.first << " ";
		_InOrder(root->_right);
	}

	// 根节点->当前节点这条路径的黑色节点的数量
	bool Check(Node* root, int blacknum, const int refVal)
	{
		if (root == nullptr)
		{
			//cout << balcknum << endl;
			if (blacknum != refVal)
			{
				cout << "存在黑色节点数量不相等的路径" << endl;
				return false;
			}

			return true;
		}

		if (root->_col == RED && root->_parent->_col == RED)
		{
			cout << "有连续的红色节点" << endl;

			return false;
		}

		if (root->_col == BLACK)
		{
			++blacknum;
		}

		return Check(root->_left, blacknum, refVal)
			&& Check(root->_right, blacknum, refVal);
	}

	bool IsBalance()
	{
		if (_root == nullptr)
			return true;

		if (_root->_col == RED)
			return false;

		//参考值
		int refVal = 0;
		Node* cur = _root;
		while (cur)
		{
			if (cur->_col == BLACK)
			{
				++refVal;
			}

			cur = cur->_left;
		}

		int blacknum = 0;
		return Check(_root, blacknum, refVal);
	}

	int Height()
	{
		return _Height(_root);
	}

	int _Height(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == nullptr)
			return 0;

		int leftHeight = _Height(root->_left);
		int rightHeight = _Height(root->_right);

		return leftHeight > rightHeight ? leftHeight + 1 : rightHeight + 1;
	}

	size_t Size()
	{
		return _Size(_root);
	}

	size_t _Size(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == NULL)
			return 0;

		return _Size(root->_left)
			+ _Size(root->_right) + 1;
	}

	Node* Find(const K& key)
	{
		Node* cur = _root;
		while (cur)
		{
			if (cur->_kv.first < key)
			{
				cur = cur->_right;
			}
			else if (cur->_kv.first > key)
			{
				cur = cur->_left;
			}
			else
			{
				return cur;
			}
		}

		return NULL;
	}

private:
	Node* _root = nullptr;
};
